Seh, Z. W. et al. Combining concept and experiment in electrocatalysis: insights into supplies design. Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4998 (2017).
Li, X. et al. Greenhouse gasoline emissions, vitality effectivity, and price of artificial gasoline manufacturing utilizing electrochemical CO2 conversion and the Fischer–Tropsch course of. Vitality Fuels 30, 5980–5989 (2016).
Hori, Y., Murata, A. & Takahashi, R. Formation of hydrocarbons within the electrochemical discount of carbon dioxide at a copper electrode in aqueous resolution. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 85, 2309–2326 (1989).
Hori, Y. in Fashionable Facets of Electrochemistry (eds Vayenas, C. G. et al.) 89–189 (Springer, 2008).
Varela, A. S. et al. Metallic-doped nitrogenated carbon as an environment friendly catalyst for direct CO2 electroreduction to CO and hydrocarbons. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 10758–10762 (2015).
Bagger, A., Ju, W., Varela, A. S., Strasser, P. & Rossmeisl, J. Single web site porphyrine-like buildings benefits over metals for selective electrochemical CO2 discount. Catal. Immediately 288, 74–78 (2017).
Ju, W. et al. Understanding exercise and selectivity of metal-nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts for electrochemical discount of CO2. Nat. Commun. 8, 944 (2017).
Ju, W. et al. Unraveling mechanistic response pathways of the electrochemical CO2 discount on Fe–N–C single-site catalysts. ACS Vitality Lett. 4, 1663–1671 (2019).
Brückner, S. et al. Failure mode prognosis and stabilization of an environment friendly reverse-bias bipolar membrane CO2 to CO electrolyzer. Vitality Environ. Sci. 18, 6577–6586 (2025).
Brückner, S., Ju, W. & Strasser, P. Environment friendly forward-bias bipolar membrane CO2 electrolysis in absence of steel cations. Adv. Vitality Mater. 15, 2500186 (2025).
Brückner, S. et al. Design and prognosis of high-performance CO2-to-CO electrolyzer cells. Nat. Chem. Eng. 1, 229–239 (2024).
Jouny, M., Luc, W. & Jiao, F. Common techno-economic evaluation of CO2 electrolysis methods. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57, 2165–2177 (2018).
Xiao, C. & Zhang, J. Architectural design for enhanced C2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 discount utilizing Cu-based catalysts: a evaluation. ACS Nano 15, 7975–8000 (2021).
Zhao, X. et al. Boosting *CO protection on Cu octahedra enclosed by Cu(1 1 1) for environment friendly CO2 electroreduction to C2H5OH. Appl. Surf. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.160202 (2024).
Wang, X. et al. Morphology and mechanism of extremely selective Cu(II) oxide nanosheet catalysts for carbon dioxide electroreduction. Nat. Commun. 12, 794 (2021).
Moller, T. et al. Electrocatalytic CO2 discount on CuOx nanocubes: monitoring the evolution of chemical state, geometric construction, and catalytic selectivity utilizing operando spectroscopy. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 17974–17983 (2020).
Loiudice, A. et al. Tailoring copper nanocrystals in the direction of C2 merchandise in electrochemical CO2 discount. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 5789–5792 (2016).
Li, C. W., Ciston, J. & Kanan, M. W. Electroreduction of carbon monoxide to liquid gasoline on oxide-derived nanocrystalline copper. Nature 508, 504–507 (2014).
Lum, Y., Yue, B., Lobaccaro, P., Bell, A. T. & Ager, J. W. Optimizing C–C coupling on oxide-derived copper catalysts for electrochemical CO2 discount. J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 14191–14203 (2017).
Lum, Y. & Ager, J. W. Proof for product-specific energetic websites on oxide-derived Cu catalysts for electrochemical CO2 discount. Nat. Catal. 2, 86–93 (2019).
Chen, C. et al. The in situ research of floor species and buildings of oxide-derived copper catalysts for electrochemical CO2 discount. Chem. Sci. 12, 5938–5943 (2021).
Zhou, Y. et al. Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO2 discount to C2 hydrocarbons. Nat. Chem. 10, 974–980 (2018).
Chen, H. et al. Promotion of electrochemical CO2 discount to ethylene on phosphorus-doped copper nanocrystals with steady Cuδ+ websites. Appl. Surf. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.148965 (2021).
Kim, B. et al. Hint-Degree cobalt dopants improve CO2 electroreduction and ethylene formation on copper. ACS Vitality Lett. 8, 3356–3364 (2023).
Yan, X. et al. Boosting CO2 electroreduction to C2+ merchandise on fluorine-doped copper. Inexperienced Chem. 24, 1989–1994 (2022).
Fang, M. et al. Aluminum-doped mesoporous copper oxide nanofibers enabling high-efficiency CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon merchandise. Chem. Mater. 34, 9023–9030 (2022).
Li, P. et al. p–d orbital hybridization induced by P-block Metallic-doped Cu promotes the formation of C2+ merchandise in ampere-level CO2 electroreduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 4675–4682 (2023).
Möller, T., Filippi, M., Brückner, S., Ju, W. & Strasser, P. A CO2 electrolyzer tandem cell system for CO2–CO co-feed valorization in a Ni–N–C/Cu-catalyzed response cascade. Nat. Commun. 14, 5680 (2023).
Zhang, T. et al. Extremely selective and productive discount of carbon dioxide to multicarbon merchandise through in situ CO administration utilizing segmented tandem electrodes. Nat. Catal. 5, 202–211 (2022).
Morales-Guio, C. G. et al. Improved CO2 discount exercise in the direction of C2+ alcohols on a tandem gold on copper electrocatalyst. Nat. Catal. 1, 764–771 (2018).
Dinh, C.-T., García de Arquer, F. P., Sinton, D. & Sargent, E. H. Excessive price, selective, and steady electroreduction of CO2 to CO in primary and impartial media. ACS Vitality Lett. 3, 2835–2840 (2018).
García de Arquer, F. P. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multicarbon merchandise at actions better than 1 A cm−2. Science 367, 661–666 (2020).
Burdyny, T. & Smith, W. A. CO2 discount on gas-diffusion electrodes and why catalytic efficiency should be assessed at commercially-relevant situations. Vitality Environ. Sci. 12, 1442–1453 (2019).
Watanabe, M., Uchida, M. & Motoo, S. Preparation of extremely dispersed Pt–Ru alloy clusters and the exercise for the electrooxidation of methanol. J. Electroanal. Chem. 229, 395–406 (1987).
Hahn, R. & Schamel, A. A brand new storage idea with hydrogen manufacturing. Wiley Analytical Science (9 November 2023); https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/content material/article-do/new-storage-concept-hydrogen-production
Ozden, A. et al. Cascade CO2 electroreduction allows environment friendly carbonate-free manufacturing of ethylene. Joule 5, 706–719 (2021).
Nitopi, S. et al. Progress and views of electrochemical CO2 discount on copper in aqueous electrolyte. Chem. Rev. 119, 7610–7672 (2019).
Chen, J., Xu, L. & Shen, B. Latest advances in tandem electrocatalysis of carbon dioxide: a evaluation. Renew. Maintain. Vitality Rev. 199, 114516 (2024).
Tang, J., Weiss, E. & Shao, Z. Advances in cutting-edge electrode engineering towards CO2 electrolysis at excessive present density and selectivity: a mini-review. Carbon Neutralization 1, 140–158 (2022).
Cousins, L. S. & Creissen, C. E. Multiscale results in tandem CO2 electrolysis to C2+ merchandise. Nanoscale 16, 3915–3925 (2024).
Choudary, B. M., Chowdari, N. S., Madhi, S. & Kantam, M. L. A trifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of chiral diols. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40, 4619–4623 (2001).
Csjernyik, G., Éll, A. H., Fadini, L., Pugin, B. & Bäckvall, J.-E. Environment friendly ruthenium-catalyzed cardio oxidation of alcohols utilizing a biomimetic coupled catalytic system. J. Org. Chem. 67, 1657–1662 (2002).
Jeong, N., Search engine optimization, S. D. & Shin, J. Y. One pot preparation of bicyclopentenones from propargyl malonates (and propargylsulfonamides) and allylic acetates by a tandem motion of catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 10220–10221 (2000).
Gioria, E. et al. Rational design of tandem catalysts utilizing a core–shell construction method. Nanoscale Adv. 3, 3454–3459 (2021).
Javed, M., Brösigke, G., Schomäcker, R. & Repke, J.-U. Affect of the gap between two catalysts for CO2 to dimethyl ether tandem response. Chem. Eng. Technol. 46, 1163–1169 (2023).
Yan, H. et al. Tandem In2O3-Pt/Al2O3 catalyst for coupling of propane dehydrogenation to selective H2 combustion. Science 371, 1257–1260 (2021).
Irshad, M. et al. Synthesis of n-butanol-rich C3+ alcohols by direct CO2 hydrogenation over a steady Cu–Co tandem catalyst. Appl. Catal. B 340, 123201 (2024).
Zhang, Q. et al. Boosting C3H6 epoxidation through tandem photocatalytic H2O2 manufacturing over nitrogen-vacancy carbon nitride. ACS Catal. 13, 13101–13110 (2023).
Solar, Y. et al. Tandem photo-oxidation of methane to methanol at room temperature and stress over Pt/TiO2. Nano Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6345-z (2023).
Xu, R. et al. Tandem photocatalysis of CO2 to C2H4 through a synergistic rhenium-(I) bipyridine/copper-porphyrinic triazine framework. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 8261–8270 (2023).
Huo, H. et al. Nanoconfined tandem three-phase photocatalysis for extremely selective CO2 discount to ethanol. Chem. Sci. 15, 15134–15144 (2024).
Ye, X. et al. Spontaneous high-yield manufacturing of hydrogen from cellulosic supplies and water catalyzed by enzyme cocktails. ChemSusChem 2, 149–152 (2009).
Wang, T. H. et al. Manufacturing of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid utilizing two sequential enzymes overexpressed as double-tagged fusion proteins. BMC Biotechnol. 9, 63 (2009).
Wada, M. et al. Manufacturing of a doubly chiral compound, (4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone, by two-step enzymatic uneven discount. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 933–937 (2003).
Siahrostami, S., Bjorketun, M. E., Strasser, P., Greeley, J. & Rossmeisl, J. Tandem cathode for proton trade membrane gasoline cells. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 9326–9334 (2013).
Wasilke, J.-C., Obrey, S. J., Baker, R. T. & Bazan, G. C. Concurrent tandem catalysis. Chem. Rev. 105, 1001–1020 (2005).
Pei, C. & Gong, J. Tandem catalysis at nanoscale. Science 371, 1203–1204 (2021).
Gao, J. et al. Selective C–C coupling in carbon dioxide electroreduction through environment friendly spillover of intermediates as supported by operando Raman spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 18704–18714 (2019).
Dutta, A. et al. Activation of bimetallic AgCu foam electrocatalysts for ethanol formation from CO by selective Cu oxidation/discount. Nano Vitality https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104331 (2020).
Chen, C., Zhang, B., Zhong, J. & Cheng, Z. Selective electrochemical CO2 discount over extremely porous gold movies. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 21955–21964 (2017).
Monteiro, M. C. O., Philips, M. F., Schouten, Ok. J. P. & Koper, M. T. M. Effectivity and selectivity of CO2 discount to CO on gold gasoline diffusion electrodes in acidic media. Nat. Commun. 12, 4943 (2021).
Vos, R. E. & Koper, M. T. M. The impact of temperature on the cation-promoted electrochemical CO2 discount on gold. ChemElectroChem 9, e202200239 (2022).
Fan, T. et al. Electrochemically pushed formation of sponge-like porous silver nanocubes towards environment friendly CO2 electroreduction to CO. ChemSusChem 13, 2677–2683 (2020).
Salehi-Khojin, A. et al. Nanoparticle silver catalysts that present enhanced exercise for carbon dioxide electrolysis. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 1627–1632 (2013).
Solar, D., Xu, X., Qin, Y., Jiang, S. P. & Shao, Z. Rational design of Ag-based catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 Discount to CO: a evaluation. ChemSusChem 13, 39–58 (2020).
Gao, D. et al. Pd-containing nanostructures for electrochemical CO2 discount response. ACS Catal. 8, 1510–1519 (2018).
Huang, H. et al. Understanding of pressure results within the electrochemical discount of CO2: utilizing Pd nanostructures as a perfect platform. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 3594–3598 (2017).
Zhu, W., Kattel, S., Jiao, F. & Chen, J. G. Form-controlled CO2 electrochemical discount on nanosized Pd hydride cubes and octahedra. Adv. Vitality Mater. 9, 1802840 (2019).
Kang, M. P. L., Kolb, M. J., Calle-Vallejo, F. & Yeo, B. S. The position of undercoordinated websites on zinc electrodes for CO2 discount to CO. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2111597 (2022).
Luo, W. et al. Electrochemical reconstruction of ZnO for selective discount of CO2 to CO. Appl. Catal. B 273, 119060 (2020).
Zhang, T. et al. Multilayered Zn nanosheets as an electrocatalyst for environment friendly electrochemical discount of CO2. J. Catal. 357, 154–162 (2018).
Moller, T. et al. Environment friendly CO2 to CO electrolysis on strong Ni–N–C catalysts at industrial present densities. Vitality Environ. Sci. 12, 640–647 (2019).
Varela, A. S., Ju, W. & Strasser, P. Molecular nitrogen–carbon catalysts, strong steel natural framework catalysts, and strong steel/nitrogen-doped carbon (MNC) catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 discount. Adv. Vitality Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703614 (2018).
Vijay, S. et al. Unified mechanistic understanding of CO2 discount to CO on transition steel and single atom catalysts. Nat. Catal. 4, 1024–1031 (2021).
Xie, C. L., Niu, Z. Q., Kim, D., Li, M. F. & Yang, P. D. Floor and interface management in nanoparticle catalysis. Chem. Rev. 120, 1184–1249 (2020).
Ma, Y. B. et al. Floor modification of steel supplies for high-performance electrocatalytic carbon dioxide discount. Matter 4, 888–926 (2021).
Li, H. X. et al. Section engineering of nanomaterials for clear vitality and catalytic purposes. Adv. Vitality Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202002019 (2020).
Yu, J. et al. Latest progresses in electrochemical carbon dioxide discount on copper-based catalysts towards multicarbon merchandise. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31, 2102151 (2021).
Bagger, A., Ju, W., Varela, A. S., Strasser, P. & Rossmeisl, J. Electrochemical CO2 discount: classifying Cu aspects. ACS Catal. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b01899 (2019).
Huang, J., Mensi, M., Oveisi, E., Mantella, V. & Buonsanti, R. Structural sensitivities in bimetallic catalysts for electrochemical CO2 discount revealed by Ag–Cu nanodimers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 2490–2499 (2019).
Ma, Y. et al. Confined progress of silver–copper Janus nanostructures with 100 aspects for extremely selective tandem electrocatalytic carbon dioxide discount. Adv. Mater. 34, e2110607 (2022).
Lyu, Z. et al. Kinetically managed synthesis of Pd–Cu Janus nanocrystals with enriched floor buildings and enhanced catalytic actions towards CO2 discount. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 149–162 (2021).
Jia, H. et al. Symmetry-broken Au–Cu heterostructures and their tandem catalysis course of in electrochemical CO2 discount. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31, 2101255 (2021).
O’Mara, P. B. et al. Cascade reactions in nanozymes: spatially separated energetic websites inside Ag-core–porous-Cu-shell nanoparticles for multistep carbon dioxide discount to increased natural molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 14093–14097 (2019).
Chen, C. et al. Cu–Ag tandem catalysts for high-rate CO2 electrolysis towards multicarbons. Joule 4, 1688–1699 (2020).
Iyengar, P., Kolb, M. J., Pankhurst, J., Calle-Vallejo, F. & Buonsanti, R. Idea-guided enhancement of CO2 discount to ethanol on Ag–Cu tandem catalysts through particle-size results. ACS Catal. 11, 13330–13336 (2021).
Ting, L. R. L. et al. Enhancing CO2 electroreduction to ethanol on copper–silver composites by opening an alternate catalytic pathway. ACS Catal. 10, 4059–4069 (2020).
Li, F. et al. Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion through enriched intermediates at molecule–steel catalyst interfaces. Nat. Catal. 3, 75–82 (2020).
Wang, J. et al. Silver/copper interface for relay electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11, 2763–2767 (2019).
Han, H. et al. Selective electrochemical CO2 conversion to multicarbon alcohols on extremely environment friendly N-doped porous carbon-supported Cu catalysts. Inexperienced Chem. 22, 71–84 (2020).
Luo, Y. et al. Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts towards enhanced electro discount of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? J. Vitality Chem. 92, 499–507 (2024).
Chen, B. et al. Tandem catalysis for enhanced CO2 to ethylene conversion in impartial media. Adv. Funct. Mater. 34, 2310029 (2024).
Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the interfacial species synergy in selling CO2 tandem electrocatalysis in near-neutral electrolyte. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 23625–23632 (2024).
Zhu, H.-L. et al. Repeatedly producing extremely concentrated and pure acetic acid aqueous resolution through direct electroreduction of CO2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 1144–1152 (2024).
Cai, Z. et al. Hierarchical Ag–Cu interfaces promote C–C coupling in tandem CO2 electroreduction. Appl. Catal. B 325, 122310 (2023).
Wei, P. et al. Protection-driven selectivity swap from ethylene to acetate in high-rate CO2/CO electrolysis. Nat. Nanotechnol. 18, 299–306 (2023).
Romero Cuellar, N. S. et al. Two-step electrochemical discount of CO2 in the direction of multi-carbon merchandise at excessive present densities. J. CO2 Util. 36, 263–275 (2020).
Li, J. et al. Constraining CO protection on copper promotes high-efficiency ethylene electroproduction. Nat. Catal. 2, 1124–1131 (2019).
Wang, X. et al. Mechanistic response pathways of enhanced ethylene yields throughout electroreduction of CO2–CO co-feeds on Cu and Cu-tandem electrocatalysts. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 1063–1070 (2019).
Ju, W. et al. Electrochemical carbonyl discount on single-site M–N–C catalysts. Commun Chem. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-023-01008-y (2023).
Heenen, H. H. et al. The mechanism for acetate formation in electrochemical CO2 discount on Cu: selectivity with potential, pH, and nanostructuring. Vitality Environ. Sci. 15, 3978–3990 (2022).
Kastlunger, G., Heenen, H. H. & Govindarajan, N. Combining first-principles kinetics and experimental information to determine tips for product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 discount. ACS Catal. 13, 5062–5072 (2023).
Zhan, C. et al. Key intermediates and Cu energetic websites for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene and ethanol. Nat. Vitality 9, 1485–1496 (2024).
Meng, D.-L. et al. Extremely selective tandem electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene over atomically remoted nickel–nitrogen web site/copper nanoparticle catalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 25485–25492 (2021).
Wang, M., Loiudice, A., Okatenko, V., Sharp, I. D. & Buonsanti, R. The spatial distribution of cobalt phthalocyanine and copper nanocubes controls the selectivity in the direction of C2 merchandise in tandem electrocatalytic CO2 discount. Chem. Sci. 14, 1097–1104 (2023).
Wei, C. et al. Nanoscale administration of CO transport in CO2 Electroreduction: boosting Faradaic effectivity to multicarbon merchandise through nanostructured tandem electrocatalysts. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33, 2214992 (2023).
Yan, T., Wang, P. & Solar, W. Y. Single-site steel–natural framework and copper foil tandem catalyst for extremely selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Small 19, e2206070 (2023).
Akter, T., Pan, H. & Barile, C. J. Tandem electrocatalytic CO2 discount inside a membrane with enhanced selectivity for ethylene. J. Phys. Chem. C 126, 10045–10052 (2022).
She, X. et al. Tandem electrodes for carbon dioxide discount into C2+ merchandise at concurrently excessive manufacturing effectivity and price. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100051 (2020).
Zhang, T., Li, Z., Zhang, J. & Wu, J. Improve CO2-to-C2+ merchandise yield by way of spatial administration of CO transport in Cu/ZnO tandem electrodes. J. Catal. 387, 163–169 (2020).
Lum, Y. & Ager, J. W. Sequential catalysis controls selectivity in electrochemical CO2 discount on Cu. Vitality Environ. Sci. 11, 2935–2944 (2018).
Gurudayal et al. Sequential cascade electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to C–C coupled merchandise. ACS Appl. Vitality Mater. 2, 4551–4559 (2019).
Liu, Y., Qiu, H., Li, J., Guo, L. & Ager, J. W. Tandem electrocatalytic CO2 discount with environment friendly intermediate conversion over pyramid-textured Cu-Ag catalysts. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 40513–40521 (2021).
Ma, M. et al. Insights into the carbon steadiness for CO2 electroreduction on Cu utilizing gasoline diffusion electrode reactor designs. Vitality Environ. Sci. 13, 977–985 (2020).
Ma, M., Zheng, Z., Yan, W., Hu, C. & Seger, B. Rigorous analysis of liquid merchandise in high-rate CO2/CO electrolysis. ACS Vitality Lett. 7, 2595–2601 (2022).
Xue, W. et al. Bromine-enhanced era and epoxidation of ethylene in tandem CO2 electrolysis in the direction of ethylene oxide. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202311570 (2023).
Li, Y. et al. Redox-mediated electrosynthesis of ethylene oxide from CO2 and water. Nat. Catal. 5, 185–192 (2022).
Leow, W. R. et al. Chloride-mediated selective electrosynthesis of ethylene and propylene oxides at excessive present density. Science 368, 1228–1233 (2020).
Theaker, N. et al. Heterogeneously catalyzed two-step cascade electrochemical discount of CO2 to ethanol. Electrochim. Acta 274, 1–8 (2018).
Wu, G. et al. Selective electroreduction of CO2 to n-propanol in two-step tandem catalytic system. Adv. Vitality Mater. 12, 2202054 (2022).
Popovic, S. et al. Stability and degradation mechanisms of copper-based catalysts for electrochemical CO2 Discount. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 14736–14746 (2020).
Vavra, J. et al. Resolution-based Cu+ transient species mediate the reconstruction of copper electrocatalysts for CO2 discount. Nat. Catal. 7, 89–97 (2024).
Sassenburg, M., Iglesias van Montfort, H. P., Kolobov, N., Smith, W. A. & Burdyny, T. Bulk layering results of Ag and Cu for tandem CO2 electrolysis. ChemSusChem 18, e202401769 (2024).
Alkayyali, T. et al. Pathways to cut back the vitality price of carbon monoxide electroreduction to ethylene. Joule 8, 1478–1500 (2024).
Sisler, J. et al. Ethylene electrosynthesis: a comparative techno-economic evaluation of alkaline vs membrane electrode meeting vs CO2–CO–C2H4 tandems. ACS Vitality Lett. 6, 997–1002 (2021).
Sassenburg, M., Kelly, M., Subramanian, S., Smith, W. A. & Burdyny, T. Zero-gap electrochemical CO2 discount cells: challenges and operational methods for prevention of salt precipitation. ACS Vitality Lett. 8, 321–331 (2023).
Yang, Ok., Kas, R., Smith, W. A. & Burdyny, T. Position of the carbon-based gasoline diffusion layer on flooding in a gasoline diffusion electrode cell for electrochemical CO2 discount. ACS Vitality Lett. 6, 33–40 (2021).
Küngas, R. Electrochemical CO2 discount for CO manufacturing: comparability of low- and high-temperature electrolysis applied sciences. J. Electrochem. Soc. 167, 044508 (2020).
Music, Y., Zhang, X., Xie, Ok., Wang, G. & Bao, X. Excessive-temperature CO2 electrolysis in strong oxide electrolysis cells: developments, challenges, and prospects. Adv. Mater. 31, 1902033 (2019).
Sahin, B. et al. Accumulation of liquid byproducts in an electrolyte as a essential issue that compromises long-term performance of CO2-to-C2H4 Electrolysis. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15, 45844–45854 (2023).
Liang, Y. et al. Environment friendly ethylene electrosynthesis by way of C–O cleavage promoted by water dissociation. Nat. Synth. 3, 1104–1112 (2024).
Xu, Q. et al. Figuring out and assuaging the sturdiness challenges in membrane-electrode-assembly units for high-rate CO electrolysis. Nat. Catal. 6, 1042–1051 (2023).
