Latest advances in biofabrication demand bioinks that aren’t solely biocompatible and mechanically appropriate for tissue engineering but additionally aware of dynamic organic and electrical cues. Right here, we introduce a DNA–viologen hybrid bioink system that quickly types a structurally outlined hydrogel by way of interfacial gelation, enabling exact spatial management of gelation with out requiring exterior triggers. The ensuing hydrogel displays hole capsule morphology, tunable viscoelasticity, and wonderful printability, making it appropriate for tender tissue-direct patterning purposes. Past its mechanical properties, this technique integrates reversible electrochromic performance, permitting dynamic optical responses underneath electrical stimulation. This electroactive conduct, built-in with the programmability and biofunctionality of DNA, positions the fabric as a singular platform for creating multifunctional tender supplies. The mix of speedy formation, structural adaptability, and electrical responsiveness underscores its promise in rising purposes corresponding to implantable electronics, biosensors, and stimuli-responsive regenerative scaffolds.
