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Tuesday, February 24, 2026

Chemically anchored metallic–hydrogel bilayers for ultrasoft and metallic biointerfaces


Metals are important elements of bioelectronic techniques, equivalent to contact electrodes, interconnects, and sensors. Nevertheless, their inherent rigidity poses main challenges for integration in tender bioelectronics. Specifically, the mechanical mismatch between metals and organic tissues may cause diminished sign constancy and undesirable tissue harm. To handle these points, numerous geometrical engineering approaches have been explored to extend the deformability of metals. For instance, strain-relief layers have been investigated; nevertheless, bodily laminated buildings usually fail to adequately dissipate pressure underneath deformation. Right here, we current a chemically conjugated, monolithic metallic–hydrogel bilayer, imparting excessive deformability to metals with minimal compromise in electrical conductivity. The formation of chemically anchored ligand interactions between the metallic and hydrogel induces uniform wrinkles within the metallic layer, successfully mitigating stress focus. Consequently, the monolithic bilayer reveals ultrasoft mechanical properties and metallic electrical efficiency, together with excessive electrical conductivity, low impedance, tissue adhesion, and stretchability. The chemical anchoring course of is spatially programmable, making it appropriate for the fabrication of arrays of sentimental bioelectronic gadgets. We validated the efficiency and performance of this platform in cardiac functions, demonstrating its efficacy in each electrophysiological recording and electrical stimulation.

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