AI-powered robots assist deal with Europe’s rising e-waste drawback

Picture credit score: Muntaka Chasant, reproduced beneath a CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

By Kaja Šeruga

Simply outdoors the historic German city of Goslar, a sprawling industrial complicated receives an limitless stream of discarded electronics. On arrival, this digital waste is laboriously ready for recycling. 

Electrocycling GmbH is likely one of the largest e-waste recycling amenities in Europe. Yearly, it processes as much as 80 000 tonnes of digital waste, which is available in all shapes and varieties.

Guide dismantling

Regardless of a formidable array of equipment, greater than half of the positioning’s workers manually put together the discarded objects for recycling. They do that by sorting the incoming waste and eradicating batteries, that are a hearth hazard and a significant problem in e-waste recycling.

“There are increasingly more units, they’re getting smaller, and so they all include lithium batteries, a few of that are completely put in, soldered or glued in place,” stated Hannes Fröhlich, Electrocycling’s managing director. 

“It’s not a dream job, dismantling these home equipment on daily basis with hammers and pliers. I feel we are able to do higher.”

A few of these tedious duties might be carried out by robots. Nevertheless, the issue is that each time there’s a change within the product or the method, the {hardware} and software program have to be restructured. This may be expensive and time-consuming.

To handle this problem, an EU-funded analysis initiative named ReconCycle has managed to automate the method by creating robots that may reconfigure themselves for various duties. 

New territory for robotics

Researchers from Slovenia, Germany and Italy labored collectively on this problem on the Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia’s main analysis facility, from 2020 to 2024.

The workforce developed adaptable AI-supported robots which can be capable of take away batteries from smoke detectors and radiator warmth metres.

These two merchandise may be present in most households and are changed each 5 to eight years, creating massive quantities of waste.

“The principle problem is that there are such a lot of completely different variations of every machine. Simply suppose what number of completely different distant controls there are,” stated Dr Aleš Ude. He’s head of the Division of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics on the Jožef Stefan Institute and coordinates the ReconCycle analysis workforce. 

In industrial settings, robots are often programmed for one particular job, repeating precisely the identical collection of actions in a predictable setting. 

As a substitute, the researchers got down to create a robotic that may adapt to many various duties, utilizing state-of-the-art AI. 

“We needed to increase robotics, introduce robots the place there aren’t any but,” Ude stated.

A rising drawback

Working with Electrocycling, Ude’s worldwide analysis workforce created an adaptable robotic work cell. This can be a workspace that consists of at the least one robotic, its instruments and gear, and its controller.

The novelty right here is that this closed system autonomously adapts itself to varied duties, with the assistance of complicated AI-driven software program and modular {hardware} that may be rapidly reconfigured. It additionally makes use of smooth elements like SoftHand, a human-like hand that may manipulate objects with nice precision.

There are additionally security options like collaborative robots and emergency cease buttons.

Worldwide collaboration was essential in securing the suitable experience, stated Ude. 

“Robotics could be very interdisciplinary, so it’s tough to search out the suitable companions in a single nation.” 

Fortunately, the brand new robots are arriving simply on the proper time, as the quantity of e-waste produced yearly continues to develop. Nearly 5 million tonnes of e-waste are produced within the EU annually, amounting to about 11 kilograms per individual. Lower than 40% of that’s recycled, the European Parliament has warned. 

Globally, round 62 million tonnes of e-waste had been produced in 2022 alone, sufficient to fill 1.5 million 40-tonne vans, in keeping with UN information. Much more worryingly, the quantity of e-waste is rising 5 instances sooner than the quantity that’s being recycled.

The EU is working to cut back e-waste by way of the Waste from Electrical and Digital Gear Directive, which units the requirements for assortment and recycling. 

The work of Ude’s workforce can also be aligned with the EU’s digital technique, which inspires the usage of AI in manufacturing to enhance effectivity and assist obtain local weather neutrality by 2050.

Throwing away cash

E-waste additionally has severe financial implications. An estimated €84 billion is misplaced annually when precious metals like copper, iron and gold are discarded as a substitute of being reused, in keeping with the UN’s international e-waste monitor. 

At Electrocycling, 80% of the e-waste is recovered as uncooked supplies, equivalent to iron, zinc, gold, silver and palladium – some 35 supplies in all.

“Individuals want to know that this isn’t simply waste, but additionally uncooked supplies that have to be recycled and stored in circulation, each for financial effectivity and a discount of CO2,” stated Fröhlich. 

New expertise could make it much more environment friendly, and Fröhlich sees plenty of potential in it. 

“I used to be stunned by how far the expertise and AI have already come,” he stated. “They even recreated a human hand for the robotic.”

Ude hopes to proceed working with Electrocycling to enhance e-waste options additional. The hope can also be that adaptable robots which might deal with altering environments may have purposes far past e-waste recycling. 

Given extra time and growth, these robots may even deal with normal housekeeping, or assist carers in senior houses, stated Ude. 

“Robotics might be of nice assist in such areas.”

This text was initially revealed in Horizon, the EU Analysis and Innovation journal.