Dietl, T. & Ohno, H. Dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors: physics and spintronic buildings. Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 187–251 (2014).
Wiesendanger, R. Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions in metallic movies and multilayers: a brand new twist for spintronics. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 1–11 (2016).
Jiang, W. et al. Skyrmions in magnetic multilayers. Phys. Rep. 704, 1–49 (2017).
Lacroix, C., Mendels, P., Mila, F. Introduction to Pissed off Magnetism: Supplies, Experiments, Concept Vol. 164 (Springer, 2011).
Binder, Okay. & Younger, A. P. Spin glasses: Experimental details, theoretical ideas, and open questions. Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 801 (1986).
Hirohata, A. et al. Evaluate on spintronics: ideas and machine functions. J. Magnet. Magnet. Materi. 509, 166711 (2020).
Chen, S. et al. All-electrical skyrmionic magnetic tunnel junction. Nature 627, 522–527 (2024).
Furdyna, J. Okay. Diluted magnetic semiconductors. J. Appl. Phys. 64, 29–64 (1988).
Karube, Okay. et al. Disordered skyrmion section stabilized by magnetic frustration in a chiral magnet. Sci. Adv. 4, 7043 (2018).
Kurumaji, T. et al. Skyrmion lattice with an enormous topological corridor impact in a pissed off triangular-lattice magnet. Science 365, 914–918 (2019).
Duine, R., Lee, Okay.-J., Parkin, S. S. & Stiles, M. D. Artificial antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Phys. 14, 217–219 (2018).
Legrand, W. et al. Room-temperature stabilization of antiferromagnetic skyrmions in artificial antiferromagnets. Nat. Mater. 19, 34–42 (2020).
Gibertini, M., Koperski, M., Morpurgo, A. F. & Novoselov, Okay. S. Magnetic 2D supplies and heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 408–419 (2019).
Gong, C. & Zhang, X. Two-dimensional magnetic crystals and emergent heterostructure gadgets. Science 363, 4450 (2019).
Huang, B. et al. Emergent phenomena and proximity results in two-dimensional magnets and heterostructures. Nat. Mater. 19, 1276–1289 (2020).
He, F. et al. Moiré patterns in 2D supplies: a overview. ACS Nano 15, 5944–5958 (2021).
Andrei, E. Y. et al. The marvels of moiré supplies. Nat. Rev. Mater. 6, 201–206 (2021).
Sivadas, N., Okamoto, S., Xu, X., Fennie, C. J. & Xiao, D. Stacking-dependent magnetism in bilayer CrI3. Nano Lett. 18, 7658–7664 (2018).
Music, T. et al. Direct visualization of magnetic domains and moiré magnetism in twisted second magnets. Science 374, 1140–1144 (2021).
Xu, Y. et al. Coexisting ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic state in twisted bilayer cri3. Nat. Nanotechnol. 17, 143–147 (2022).
Xiao, F., Chen, Okay. & Tong, Q. Magnetization textures in twisted bilayer CrX3 (X = Br, I). Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 013027 (2021).
Tong, Q., Liu, F., Xiao, J. & Yao, W. Skyrmions within the moiré of van der Waals 2D magnets. Nano Lett. 18, 7194–7199 (2018).
Akram, M. & Erten, O. Skyrmions in twisted van der Waals magnets. Phys. Rev. B 103, 140406 (2021).
Zheng, F. Magnetic skyrmion lattices in a novel 2D-twisted bilayer magnet. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33, 2206923 (2023).
Kim, Okay.-M., Go, G., Park, M. J. & Kim, S. Okay. Emergence of secure meron quartets in twisted magnets. Nano Lett. 24, 74–81 (2023).
Xie, H. et al. Proof of non-collinear spin texture in magnetic moiré superlattices. Nat. Phys. 19, 1150–1155 (2023).
Cheng, G. et al. Electrically tunable moiré magnetism in twisted double bilayers of chromium triiodide. Nat. Electron. 6, 434–442 (2023).
Wang, Z. et al. Composite super-moiré lattices in double-aligned graphene heterostructures. Sci. Adv. 5, 8897 (2019).
Uri, A. et al. Superconductivity and robust interactions in a tunable moiré quasicrystal. Nature 620, 762–767 (2023).
Xie, Y. et al. Sturdy interactions and isospin symmetry breaking in a supermoiré lattice. Science 389, 736–740 (2025).
Brown Jr, W. F. The elemental theorem of fine-ferromagnetic-particle principle. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 993–994 (1968).
Kim, Okay. et al. Van der Waals heterostructures with excessive accuracy rotational alignment. Nano Lett. 16, 1989–1995 (2016).
Maletinsky, P. et al. A strong scanning diamond sensor for nanoscale imaging with single nitrogen-vacancy centres. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 320–324 (2012).
Huang, M. et al. Revealing intrinsic domains and fluctuations of moiré magnetism by a wide-field quantum microscope. Nat. Commun. 14, 5259 (2023).
Yang, B. et al. Macroscopic tunneling probe of moiré spin textures in twisted CrI3. Nat. Commun. 15, 4982 (2024).
Reith, P., Wang, X. R. & Hilgenkamp, H. Analysing magnetism utilizing scanning squid microscopy. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 123706 (2017).
Nam, N. N. & Koshino, M. Lattice rest and vitality band modulation in twisted bilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. B 96, 075311 (2017).
Wang, C. et al. Fractional Chern insulator in twisted bilayer mote 2. Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 036501 (2024).
McGuire, M. A., Dixit, H., Cooper, V. R. & Gross sales, B. C. Coupling of crystal construction and magnetism within the layered, ferromagnetic insulator CrI3. Chem. Mater. 27, 612–620 (2015).
Guo, X. et al. Structural monoclinicity and its coupling to layered magnetism in few-layer CrI3. ACS Nano 15, 10444–10450 (2021).
Cantos-Prieto, F. et al. Layer-dependent mechanical properties and enhanced plasticity within the van der Waals chromium trihalide magnets. Nano Lett. 21, 3379–3385 (2021).
Sung, S. H. et al. Torsional periodic lattice distortions and diffraction of twisted 2D supplies. Nat. Commun. 13, 7826 (2022).
Bogdanov, A. N. & Panagopoulos, C. Bodily foundations and fundamental properties of magnetic skyrmions. Nat. Rev. Phys. 2, 492–498 (2020).
Kato, Y. D., Okamura, Y., Hirschberger, M., Tokura, Y. & Takahashi, Y. Topological magneto-optical impact from skyrmion lattice. Nat. Commun. 14, 5416 (2023).
Li, X. et al. Topological Kerr results in two-dimensional magnets with damaged inversion symmetry. Nat. Phys. 20, 1145–1151 (2024)
Li, S. et al. Statement of stacking engineered magnetic section transitions inside moiré supercells of twisted van der Waals magnets. Nat. Commun. 15, 5712 (2024).
Jang, M. et al. Direct commentary of twisted stacking domains within the van der Waals magnet CrI3. Nat. Commun. 15, 5925 (2024).
Cai, X. et al. Atomically skinny CrCl3: an in-plane layered antiferromagnetic insulator. Nano Lett. 19, 3993–3998 (2019).
Akram, M. et al. Moiré skyrmions and chiral magnetic phases in twisted CrX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) bilayers. Nano Lett. 21, 6633–6639 (2021).
Lee, Okay. et al. Magnetic order and symmetry within the 2D semiconductor crsbr. Nano Lett. 21, 3511–3517 (2021).
Casas, B. W. et al. Coexistence of merons with skyrmions within the centrosymmetric van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5−xGeTe2. Adv. Mater. 35, 2212087 (2023).
Grebenchuk, S. et al. Topological spin textures in an insulating van der Waals ferromagnet. Adv. Mater. 36, 2311949 (2024).
Zur, Y. et al. Magnetic imaging and area nucleation in CrSBr right down to the 2D restrict. Adv. Mater. 35, 2307195 (2023).
Augustin, M., Jenkins, S., Evans, R. F. L., Novoselov, Okay. S. & Santos, E. J. G. Properties and dynamics of meron topological spin textures within the two-dimensional magnet CrCl3. Nat. Commun. 12, 185 (2021).
Fert, A., Reyren, N. & Cros, V. Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential functions. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2, 1–15 (2017).
Göbel, B., Mertig, I. & Tretiakov, O. A. Past skyrmions: overview and views of other magnetic quasiparticles. Phys. Rep. 895, 1–28 (2021).
Zhang, L., Ren, J., Wang, J.-S. & Li, B. Topological magnon insulator in insulating ferromagnet. Phys. Rev. B 87, 144101 (2013).
Takagi, H., Takayama, T., Jackeli, G., Khaliullin, G. & Nagler, S. E. Idea and realization of kitaev quantum spin liquids. Nat. Rev. Phys. 1, 264–280 (2019).
Peng, R. All uncooked information comparable to manuscript “Tremendous-moiré spin textures in twisted 2D antiferromagnets”. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17545114 (2025).
