Rolling circle amplification/transcription (RCA/RCT) nanotechnology gives a breakthrough platform for nucleic acid drug supply, leveraging enzymatically produced ultra-long, programmable nucleic acid chains to engineer multifunctional nanostructures. On this overview, we give an outline of RCA/RCT-based nanocarriers for nucleic acid drug supply, systematically summarizing their key design points: (1) nanoization methods by way of biomineralization, electrostatic compression, nanomaterial-assisted meeting and base pairing/entanglement; (2) drug loading approaches through designing on template, complementary base pairing and electrostatic binding; (3) concentrating on modalities together with aptamers, proteins, polymers and small molecule ligands; (4) managed launch mechanisms attentive to endogenous/exogenous enzymes and intracellular microenvironments. We showcase their vital therapeutic advances in gene remedy, immunotherapy, and mixture remedy. This overview gives vital insights for growing next-generation RCA/RCT supply platforms to deal with urgent biomedical wants.
